Unit I: Chemical Substances – Nature and Behaviour
Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions
Chemical equation
Balanced chemical equation
Implications of a balanced chemical equation
Types of chemical reactions
Combination
Decomposition
Displacement
Double Displacement
Precipitation
Neutralization
Oxidation
Reduction
Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts
Definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH- ions
General properties
Examples and uses
Concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required)
Importance of pH in everyday life
Preparation and uses of sodium hydroxide
Bleaching powder
Baking soda
Washing soda
Plaster of Paris
Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals
Properties of metals and non-metals
Reactivity series
Formation and properties of ionic compounds
Basic metallurgical processes
Corrosion and its prevention
Unit II: World of Living
Chapter 1: Life processes
Living Being
Basic concept of nutrition
Respiration
Transport
Excretion in plants and animals
Chapter 2: Control and co-ordination in animals and plants
Tropic movements in plants
Introduction to plant hormones
Control and co-ordination in animals
Nervous system
Voluntary, involuntary and reflex action
chemical co-ordination
Animal hormones
Unit IV: Effects of Current
Chapter 1: Electric Current
Potential difference and electric current
Ohm’s law
Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends
Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life
Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life
Electric power
Inter relation between P, V, I and R
Chapter 2: Magnetic Effects of Current
Magnetic field
Field lines
Field due to a current carrying conductor
Field due to current carrying coil or solenoid
Force on current carrying conductor
Fleming’s left hand rule
Electromagnetic induction
Induced potential difference
Induced current
Fleming’s Right Hand Rule
Direct current
Alternating current
Frequency of AC
Advantage of AC over DC
Domestic electric circuits
Unit V: Natural Resources
Chapter 1: Sources of energy
Different forms of energy
Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy
Fossil fuels
Solar energy
Biogas
Wind
Water and tidal energy
Nuclear energy
Renewable versus non-renewable sources
Second Term Course Syllabus
Unit I: Chemical Substances – Nature and Behaviour
Chapter 4: Carbon compounds
Covalent bonding in carbon compounds
Versatile nature of carbon
Homologous series Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing functional groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, alkanes and alkynes)
Difference between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons
Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction)
Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps and detergents
Chapter 5: Periodic classification of elements
Need for classification
Modern periodic table
Gradation in properties
Valency
Atomic number
Metallic and non-metallic properties
Unit II: World of Living
Chapter 3: Reproduction
Reproduction in animal and plants (asexual and sexual)
Reproductive health-need for and methods of family planning
Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS
Child bearing and women’s health
Chapter 4: Heredity and Evolution
Heredity
Mendel’s contribution – Laws for inheritance of traits
Sex determination: brief introduction
Basic concepts of evolution
Unit III: Natural Phenomenon
Chapter 1: Reflection
Reflection of light at curved surfaces
Images formed by spherical mirrors
Centre of curvature
Principal axis
Principal focus
Focal length
Mirror formula (Derivation not required)
Magnification
Chapter 2: Refraction
Refraction
Laws of refraction
Refractive index
Refraction of light by spherical lens
Image formed by spherical lenses
Lens formula (Derivation not required)
Magnification
Power of a lens
Functioning of a lens in human eye
Defects of vision and their corrections
Applications of spherical mirrors and lenses
Refraction of light through a prism
Dispersion of light
Scattering of light
Applications in daily life
Unit V: Natural Resources
Chapter 2: Conservation of Natural Resources
Management of natural resources
Conservation and judicious use of natural resources
Forest and wild life
Coal and petroleum conservation
Examples of People’s participation for conservation of natural resources
Chapter 3: The Regional environment
Big dams: advantages and limitations; alternatives if any
Water harvesting
Sustainability of natural resources
Chapter 4: Our environment
Eco-system
Environmental problems
Ozone depletion
Waste production and their solutions
Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances
First Term: Practical Syllabus
1. To find the pH of the following samples by using pH paper/universal indicator −
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid
Dilute NaOH solution
Dilute Ethanoic Acid solution
Lemon juice
Water
Dilute Sodium Bicarbonate solution
2. To study the properties of acids and bases (HCl & NaOH) by their reaction with −
Litmus solution (Blue/Red)
Zinc metal
Solid sodium carbonate
3. To perform and observe the following reactions and classify them into −
Combination reaction
Decomposition reaction
Displacement reaction
Double displacement reaction
Action of water on quick lime
Action of heat on ferrous sulphate crystals
Iron nails kept in copper sulphate solution
Reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride solutions
4. i) To observe the action of Zn, Fe, Cu and Al metals on the following salt solutions −
ZnSO4 (aq)
FeSO4 (aq)
CuSO4 (aq)
Al2(SO4)3 (aq)
ii) Arrange Zn, Fe, Cu and Al (metals) in the decreasing order of reactivity based on the above result.
5. To study the dependence of potential difference (V) across a resistor on the current (I) passing through it and determine its resistance. Also plot a graph between V and I.
6. To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series.
7. To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in parallel.
8. To prepare a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata.
9. To show experimentally that light is necessary for photosynthesis.
10. To show experimentally that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration.
Second Term: Practical Syllabus
1. To study the following properties of acetic acid (ethanoic acid) −
Odour
Solubility in water
Effect on litmus
Reaction with sodium bicarbonate
2. To study saponification reaction for preparation of soap.
3. To study the comparative cleaning capacity of a sample of soap in soft and hard water.
4. To determine the focal length of −
Concave mirror
Convex lens
By obtaining the image of a distant object.
5. To trace the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for different angles of incidence. Measure the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, angle of emergence and interpret the result.
6. To study −
Binary fission in Amoeba
Budding in yeast with the help of prepared slides
7. To trace the path of the rays of light through a glass prism.
8. To find the image distance for varying object distances in case of a convex lens and draw corresponding ray diagrams to show the nature of image formed.
9. To study homology and analogy with the help of models/charts of animals and models/ charts/ specimens of plants.
10. To identify the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed (Pea, gram or red kidney bean).